• General skills

Equation-writing, constructing formulae, balancing equations, state symbols

• Atomic structure and electronic structure

Of atoms and ions up to calcium. Dot and cross diagrams.

• Ionic and covalent bonding; giant & simple structures

Dot and cross diagrams, physical properties, explanations, examples of all types.

• Organic Chemistry

Fractional distillation, cracking, hydrocarbons, alkanes, alkenes, isomerism, physical properties, naming, Ethanol – its manufacture, uses and reactions, Polymerisation – addition and condensation.

• Gases and their properties and uses

Hydrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen, sulphur dioxide, ammonia.

• Groups 1, 7 & 8

The alkali metals: physical properties, their reactivity, reactions.

The halogens: physical properties, their reactivity, displacement reactions, uses.

The noble gases: reactivity, uses.

• Reactivity series of metals

Displacement reactions, transition metals, position of C and H.

• Extraction of Metals

The Blast Furnace, Electrolytic extraction of aluminium as examples.

• Electrolysis of molten and aqueous compounds

Eg lead (II) bromide; copper electroplating; electrolysis of brine and its products: chlorine & sodium hydroxide.

• Acids & Bases, Neutralisation reactions & salts

Acid reaction equations, ionic equations, formation of common salts.

• Energy changes

Bond energy calculations, calorimetry, energy level diagrams, energy from fuel cells and radioactivity.

• Rates of reaction

Factors affecting rates; collision theory; explanations; graph drawing.

• Equilibria and the Haber Process

Manufacture of ammonia, conditions, explanations for compromise.

• Manufacture and uses of sulphuric acid & nitric acid

• Calculations

Moles: masses/gas/solution examples, Titration techniques, equipment, accuracy, calculations Empirical and molecular formulae calculations, Exam calculation technique.

• Analysis

Ion formulae, precipitation reactions, ion wet tests, flame tests.